DHI: The Movie

Thank you for being part of the Institute's journey in 2021.

This year we published research that brought people together from across Scotland to consider the actions required to move faster towards a more prosperous, sustainable, inclusive and fair country. Over 5,000 people from across Scotland told us their actions to help Scotland build forward better. You can read about these actions - and tell us yours - here.

From how to build A Scotland of Better Places, to delivering multi-year spending plans, and levelling up on Scotland's broadband, these conversations showed the appetite for change and transformation.

Throughout 2021 we have also been expanding our analysis of Team Scotland: diversity of thought is essential to improving productivity and resilience to risk - things that have proven to be essential in the 2020s. This year we turned our attention to actions for business and investment leaders, and Scottish Parliament.

This year DHI have brought you 11 insightful events on the economy, productivity and more. These are all available to watch now on catch up. We particularly recommend our most recent events on political philosophy and the pandemic, and our partnership event with Black Professionals Scotland and the Institute of Directors on how to unlock greater potential in Scotland's economy.

Blog: Level up Scotland's virtual bridges

by Lucy Higginson, David Hume Institute

29th October 2021

Many of us evolved into screen junkies over the course of the pandemic. Ofcom found that the average adult spent over 6 hours a day watching TV and online video during the first lockdown. Demand for streaming services rocketed, and there was a massive rise in use of Zoom, Microsoft Teams and new apps like HouseParty as people adapted behaviours to socialise, learn, work and care online. 

Without the internet and the ability for organisations of all scales to pivot to online working, the pandemic would have been far more disruptive. Experts acknowledge that if this had happened ten years ago or even five, the impact on our lives and the economy would have been far greater.

As part of the David Hume Institute’s research conversations for the Action Project, we heard from young people about new opportunities at home that they hadn’t imagined before.  Staying at home to study has lowered costs and other pressures for some students. The Stay Local orders meant they could keep their support networks without fear of being judged for not flying the nest.  

Will the pandemic change the old rite of passage of leaving home to study? Online learning has shown that you can study anywhere - you just need a reliable internet connection.

As part of the David Hume Institute’s commissioned research, A Scotland of Better Places, the Rural Youth Project shared insights of what is most important for young people in rural Scotland. Housing, transport, employment and education opportunities all came out unsurprisingly high - but an eye-watering 98% cited digital connectivity as critical to their future. Currently, only 13% currently have access to high-speed broadband. 

For many people operating businesses in rural areas, reliable broadband is their biggest issue. Turning on a camera for a Zoom meeting can require a coordinated shut down of all other devices. If you want good sound, many can’t have a picture too. As business moves increasingly online, unless we dramatically accelerate rollout of superfast broadband across the country, levelling up will remain a pipe dream - without the pipes.

Our places and the infrastructure we need to connect them have changed fundamentally.  The mass realisation of what the internet can do means people’s priorities have changed. People are no longer tied to cities as they were before. Many have moved closer to family or are planning to do so in the near future.  

But with this great opportunity, we are also facing great inequality.

We heard through A Scotland of Better Places about Balquhidder.  Village volunteers worked for years to bring broadband to the village, finally resorting to digging the ditch and laying the cable themselves after years of fundraising. This included European LEADER funding.  Other villages would struggle to follow this route without community capacity and with EU funds fast drying up. Replacement UK Levelling Up funds appear to have very different infrastructure priorities. 

The rollout of superfast broadband is fundamental to economic recovery from Covid.  Good broadband connection is now intrinsically linked with all aspects of people’s lives and livelihoods.  The UK and Scottish Governments must work together to make rollout happen faster as the current timetable is far too slow.  

The full picture of the UK Government’s new infrastructure priorities are beginning to emerge - the first announcements for the Levelling Up fund showing some unexpected projects. The Fraser of Allander Institute’s examination of criteria shows puzzling inclusion and exclusion of criteria for different parts of the UK. The focus for politicians remains stuck on traditional infrastructure like bridges and roads, rather than the critical high speed virtual connections the final 5% of Scotland is crying out for.

Scottish Government consultation response: tax policy and the budget

In autumn 2021 the Scottish Government sought views on the overarching approach to tax policy, through Scotland’s first framework for tax.

Our consultation draws on:

• The largest multi generational research project in Scotland in the last five years, The Action Project. In 2020-21 we brought together people from across Scotland to consider the actions needed to move faster towards a more prosperous, sustainable, inclusive and fair country.  Over 5,000 people from across Scotland told us their actions to help Scotland build forward better.

• We worked with partners to reach people of all ages and backgrounds across Scotland.  These included U3A, the Scottish Youth Parliament, the Children’s Parliament and local organisations like InspirAlba in Campbeltown and Resonate Together in Alloa. By listening to the many voices and then analysing themes and patterns, WhatsYourAction.scot presents the findings and encourages others to have their say.

• Our 2021 briefing paper on multi-year budgeting, explains how a new agreement on multi-year budgeting between the Scottish Government and Scottish Parliament will help long-term thinking and support a more open conversation about spending plans and investment choices.

• David Hume Institute events and discussions such as Talking Tax with Charlotte Barbour and Dr Arun Advani last year.

Summary

• DHI welcomes the framework.  The clear, accessible language is critical to create more understanding about the important role tax plays in society. Research conversations as part of the Action Project emphasised the lack of understanding of Scotland’s tax powers.

• Having a coherent narrative that joins up tax policy with the National Performance Framework and Climate Change Plan helps businesses and investors plan for the medium term direction of travel.

• Simplification and public understanding are rightly identified as important factors to underpin a fair tax system and are critical to accountability. The framework’s movement away from language like “tax burden” is important for a fresh conversation.

• DHI welcomes the proposed Citizen Assembly on council tax - this is an area that is widely recognised as needing reform but has become highly political. It came up consistently in Professor Duncan Maclennan’s work A Scotland of Better Places. Continuing the status quo indefinitely should not be an option and this work should be expedited.

David Hume Institute gives evidence to Scottish Parliament committee

Susan Murray, Director of the David Hume Institute, gave evidence to the Scottish Parliament Finance and Public Administration committee following its response to the consultation on Public Finances in 2022-23.

The Institute is calling for Scottish Government to:

• Publish draft multi-year spending plans to help longer term planning for service improvement, investment and productivity, and increase transparency over forward planning.

• Publish how it has prioritised for a fair and equal recovery, and provide underlying evidence for those priorities, recognising trade offs between shorter and longer term choices.

• Link budget priorities to the National Performance Framework and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDGs), using them to analyse how the pandemic has affected some groups and communities worse than others.  Continued use of the UNSDGs assists collaboration with other organisations and governments around the world.

• Focus on climate action and a fair transition to net zero, faster delivery of digital infrastructure and measures to directly influence reductions in poverty and promote greater inclusivity.

• Work to improve Scotland’s places by devolving resources and putting more power in the hands of local communities.

• Ensure support for jobs where skills can be developed rather than skills development alone.

• Commit to a full review of the Fiscal Framework which considers external changes including the loss of European Funding and new direct spending in Scotland from Westminster as well as the interactions between both devolved and reserved taxes and social securities.

Scottish Parliament consultation response: Public Finances in 2022-23

Response from the David Hume Institute to the Scottish Parliament call for views on Scotland’s public finances in 2022-23 and the impact of COVID

About our submission

DHI welcomes the opportunity to respond to the Finance and Public Administration Committee’s call for views on Scotland’s public finances 2022-23 and the impact of Covid.

Our submission draws on evidence from:

• The largest multi generational research project in Scotland in the last five years, The Action Project. In 2020-21 we brought together people from across Scotland to consider the actions needed to move faster towards a more prosperous, sustainable, inclusive and fair country.  Through facilitated conversations with over 5,000 people, we identified actions which will help Scotland build forward better.
  

• Working with partners to reach people of all ages and backgrounds across Scotland.  These included U3A, the Scottish Youth Parliament, the Children’s Parliament and local organisations like InspirAlba in Campbeltown and Resonate Together in Alloa. By listening to the many voices and then analysing themes and patterns, WhatsYourAction.scot presents the findings and encourages others to have their say.
  

• Our 2021 briefing paper on multi-year budgeting, which sets out the enabling action needed for the Scottish Government to publish multi-year spending plans.

Summary

We call on the Committee to recommend that the Scottish Government:

• Publish draft multi-year spending plans to help longer term planning for service improvement, investment and productivity, and increase transparency over forward planning.

• Publish how it has prioritised for a fair and equal recovery, and provide underlying evidence for those priorities, recognising trade offs between shorter and longer term choices.

• Link budget priorities to the National Performance Framework and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDGs), using them to analyse how the pandemic has affected some groups and communities worse than others. Continued use of the UNSDGs assists collaboration with other organisations and governments around the world.

• Focus on climate action and a fair transition to net zero, faster delivery of digital infrastructure and measures to directly influence reductions in poverty and promote greater inclusivity.

• Work to improve Scotland’s places by devolving resources and putting more power in the hands of local communities.

• Ensure support for jobs where skills can be developed rather than skills development alone.

• Commit to a full review of the Fiscal Framework which considers external changes including the loss of European Funding and new direct spending in Scotland from Westminster as well as the interactions between both devolved and reserved taxes and social securities.

Press release: action to make Scotland’s budgeting clearer

11th August 2021

Today the David Hume Institute publishes a briefing paper proposing a new agreement on multi-year budgeting to deliver more open discussion about funding for public services and to enable longer-term planning for their delivery which will support a more open conversation about spending plans and investment choices. 

Over the last year the David Hume Institute’s Action Project considered the actions needed to move faster towards a more prosperous, sustainable, inclusive and fair country.  

Multi-year planning helps effective investment and productivity, and can be particularly useful on longer term projects, many of which are linked to climate action.

Despite repeated calls over many years to publish multi-year spending plans, it has proved difficult for Scottish Government to achieve this.  As public finances become even tighter post pandemic, this will remain a challenge.

Public and third sector organisations want more certainty about funding to allow them to plan for more than one year at a time. Draft multi-year budgets will help public services plan more efficiently as we emerge from the pandemic.

The Institute’s paper proposes a way forward for the Scottish Parliament, Scottish Government and Audit Scotland to make multi-year budgeting the established norm in Scotland.   

Susan Murray, Director of the David Hume Institute, says:

“The Scottish Parliament and Scottish Government must work together to make multi-year budgeting the established norm in Scotland.  More open discussion about money and budgets, the predictions, assumptions and choices being made is important for Scotland is to achieve its climate, economic and equality targets.

The urgency for this change is backed by findings from the Institute’s Action Project - Scotland’s largest multi-generational research in the last five years. 

Multi-year budgeting would have an enabling impact for organisations, businesses and charities across Scotland.”

Notes to editors:

• For media enquiries please contact Susan Murray, Director@davidhumeinstitute.com 

• The David Hume Institute is an independent Scottish think tank which works towards a prosperous, sustainable, inclusive and fair Scotland. Find out more here.

• The David Hume Institute’s Action Project brought together people from across Scotland to consider the actions needed to move faster towards a more prosperous, sustainable, inclusive and fair country.  Through facilitated conversations with over 5,000 people we identified actions which will help Scotland build forward better. 

• The David Hume Institute worked with partners to reach people of all ages and backgrounds across Scotland.  These included U3A, the Scottish Youth Parliament, the Children’s Parliament and local organisations like InspirAlba in Campbeltown and Resonate Together in Alloa 

• WhatsYourAction.scot research investigated people’s thoughts on action they would like to see to build a more prosperous, sustainable, inclusive and fair country. Whatsyouraction.scot is a resource for everyone who lives in Scotland  and wants to build forward better. WhatsYourAction.scot wants to inform positive action by magnifying real people’s voices and helping them know they are not alone.

• This briefing paper was developed with support of the Action Project Steering Group, with special thanks to Eleanor Ryan and Stephen Boyle with additional support from Professor David Bell and Dr Katherine Trebeck. 

What next for Scotland’s places?

Global Expert considers the actions needed to help all of Scotland’s places thrive post-pandemic

A new report by Professor Duncan Maclennan, commissioned by the David Hume Institute, examines how the country can move forward to A Scotland of Better Places.  

The report explores how thinking has to move to comprehending place policies that match real social, environmental and economic systems and that connect places rather than separate them into different, arbitrary categories for policy action. 

Covid shone a light on the places in which we live, work, study, play and grow.  Our places will play a central role in Scotland’s recovery. They are inter-connected, inter-dependent and impact on every aspect of our lives.

The report is part of David Hume Institute’s Action Project investigating actions for Scotland to move faster towards a country that is more prosperous, sustainable, inclusive and fair. The project engaged more than 4,500 people from across Scotland, bringing together a broad range of perspectives. 

Professor Duncan Maclennan said “There is not a single magic action to make all of Scotland’s Places thrive. Over the years there have been many policies, strategies and initiatives, often top down and not involving local people. The events of the last year have dramatically changed many people’s relationships with the places in their lives.  

This is an opportunity to build forward better from Covid-19 and recognise the connections within and between places.  There are major long-term changes required, and much agreement about what needs to change and how to change it. Bold policy choices could remake the sub-national governance and government of Scotland to match modern place challenges.”

Professor Maclennan suggests “Using reformed financial and tax structures, listening to communities and individuals, (and especially younger and poorer Scots) in the democratic processes that will make Scotland a more prosperous, sustainable, inclusive and fair country.” 

Professor Maclennan’s report is based on conversations with over 600 people in webinars.  The conversations revealed the broad range of new ideas that individuals and communities are ready to share and enact with governments.

Catch up with our launch event with report author Professor Duncan Maclennan and Deputy First Minister and Cabinet Secretary for Covid Recovery John Swinney MSP.

Blog: Do we need to find our inner child?

Blog by Susan Murray, David Hume Institute

April 2021

Many of us will know or have children who ask ‘why’ a lot - sometimes so often that no matter how much you want to encourage curiosity and learning, you lose patience and resort to phrases like “because I say so”.  

On the whole though I am delighted to be asked questions. Two recent favourites from my children have been: if two wrongs don’t make a right, why do two negatives make a positive?  And, why do people buy pencils with rubbers on the end, as the rubber always runs out before the pencil and then the metal bit is just waste? A good question for Zero Waste Scotland.

I had never thought about either of these things before and as an adult, I wonder if too often people forget to ask questions.  

The daily coverage of the economy is a good example. For years the economic narrative has been dominated by a narrow range of voices. What has become clear through Covid is every choice can have benefits and consequences. Choices about the economy are no different. And, with choices, there are trade-offs to consider.

Many people that previously felt on a treadmill are stepping off as the pandemic has given them a chance to re-evaluate what matters in their lives. My first visit to the hairdresser post pandemic was a good example. My hairdresser sold her house last autumn. She has moved out of the city and has gone mortgage free by combining resources with her sister and parents on a single property. This solves several problems the family had been worrying about for years; about intergenerational caring responsibilities; mortgage payments and pension worries. Put simply it “takes the pressure off so we can all enjoy life more now and are not worrying about money so much”. 

As many commentators speak of the economy returning to normal, they fail to notice that my hairdresser is not the only one whose life has changed dramatically over the last year. So many people have experienced bereavement, loneliness and loss of income, but even for those that have remained relatively unscathed their lives have changed in other ways. 

My family, like so many, have got a dog. After years of thinking about it and using the website Borrow My Doggy we took the plunge. Lockdown was a great chance for puppy training and our new addition has had a huge positive impact on my children, but this means even when everything is opened up again we are likely to be living very similarly to this moment.  Long family walks and holidays in Scotland. The massive rise in dog ownership means many people’s future economic choices are likely to be different. 

Recent research from the David Hume Institute showed how many people intend to continue their 2020 behaviours in future. Covid brought communities together and many people have experienced the power of being connected through helping others. So what if – my favourite question opener – the economy doesn’t return to “normal”?

Pre-Covid our economy encouraged people to increase their consumption and buy more stuff, but the data shows this wasn’t making people any happier. More and more people are living alone, and we have been accepting this trend by building more single person dwellings, but the data clearly shows people living alone are more likely to be lonely and be financially insecure.

What if we can return to something better than the old normal?

I was listening to Professor Ben Friedman talk recently about Adam Smith and what he really meant by wealth. It showed how much of economic thinking in recent years has been dominated by a narrow mindset and assumptions. Many use the term 'wealth' to simply mean money but in economics, wealth refers to those goods which satisfy human wants, but all goods which satisfy human wants are not wealth.

My hairdresser certainly feels more wealthy now than previously when she owned more stuff. Over the course of the David Hume Institute’s research I have heard so many stories of people making changes to their lives which on the face of it could have a negative effect on GDP - for instance as consumption could go down by combining houses. 

But surely those who argue for a return to normal would not want individuals to continue struggling in their old lives when there is an option to be happier and wealthier in the true meaning of the word?

Blog: Time travelling to Scotland 2070

Blog by Lucy Higginson, David Hume Institute

April 2021

Imagining Scotland in 2070 may feel like another universe, particularly as we are still living in the 2020s time warp where every month can feel like 10. 

For the authors of Scotland 2070 setting out their vision for our children and grandchildren’s generation was crucial in order to get beyond short-term thinking of election-cycle tunnel vision and constitutional questions.

The book sets out 6 ideas for Scotland and discusses the mindset needed to take advantage of new opportunities.

One opportunity opening up because of climate change is a new arctic trade shipping route.  It has the potential to save thousands of days at sea with a new shorter route than through the Suez Canal. Taking advantage of our geographic position on this new global trading passage could bring big opportunities.

Supporting nature and addressing climate change were top priorities emerging from The Action Project, and in Scotland 2070 the stewardship of our land and resources for future generations are key actions.  The authors investigate reforestation and the protection of Scotland’s biodiversity to boost Scotland’s economy, bring crucial rural jobs, and cultivate our global reputation as a leader in climate change. 

For the David Hume Institute the book provided food for thought and a chance to open discussion on a longer time frame.  It was good to hear from Scottish Youth Parliament member, Emily Nix MSYP who will be the same age in 2070 that the authors are now.

Emily highlighted young people want to see better stewardship of Scotland’s natural resources and long-term policy.  But something that needs urgent action is faster progress on access to high speed broadband, especially in rural areas. This is not something that can wait - lack of connectivity is holding some areas of Scotland back, and should be urgently addressed.

These issues came up time and again in research conversations as part of the David Hume Institute’s Action Project, but whilst there was frustration at the speed of progress there has been a huge change in people’s mindsets as we emerge from the crisis. People are no longer willing to return to normal, and have seen through the pandemic the impact they can have on their community and society. 

Everyone has a part to play in building a new vision for 2070 - share yours at WhatsYourAction.scot